The roots of hip hop can be traced to an array of musical styles which existed before it was conceived. A common feature of all these styles is the fact that they all had borrowed inspiration from African inspired musical styles. A number of these styles are African-American gospel, folk, jazz, blues and R&B. Other genres which also lay claim as having influenced the birth of hip hop music are Afro-Caribbean styles such as calypso, salsa, soca, ska and reggae. The question then remains as to how all these styles fused to the genre of music that has inspired as many fans as critics.

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The history of hip hop begins in the early 16th century, when natives of West Africa were being transported to North and South America where they were condemned to work as slaves for the rest of their lives. The oral traditions of these Africans were carried over into these new lands. These traditions were passed down through each succeeding generation and evolved to be a form of resistance for the slaves as well as a unifying source of comfort. They later transformed into spiritual songs which were then termed as negro-spirituals and ballads. These songs are still sung today as popular hymns.

Eventually, as the slaves were assimilated into Christianity and began forming their own churches, the form of music that had originated from Africa spawned a response rhythm between a congregation and the presiding minister. Simultaneously, styles of music such as jazz, blues and soul began permeating this musical culture of the south where a large population of blacks was found.

A fusion of these musical styles made their way into Jamaica during World War II through American soldiers who were enlisted in the Caribbean. The main musical genre present in Jamaica at the time was reggae and a practice known as versioning was widely known. Versioning occurred as a result of an artiste creating and recording a vastly popular song. This popularity would spur other artistes to come up and make different versions of it. This is similar to what is known as sampling in hip hop.

In Jamaica, DJs were hugely popular and they would set up temporary discos in rented buildings or even the streets. The competition between the DJs in this was very fierce and out if this competitiveness, a practice known as toasting came up. Toasting involved the scripted or even improvised talking of a DJ over a song while it was playing. This talking mostly involved taking swipes at the other rival DJs. Talk over and dub arose as two new forms of reggae from toasting. Talk over was the term used when a DJ was recorded toasting a particular tune. Dubs included the use of talk over as well as sound effects like echo and reverberation.

Clive Campbell was a 13-year old Jamaican immigrant who brought this practice of toasting and dubbing to the streets of New York. Armed with a huge sound system and the stage name of Kool Herc, Campbell became a DJ.  As a rap DJ, he would rap using the microphone over a tune while making in-house references. As this practice was quickly duplicated along Brooklyn and Manhattan by other DJs, the foundation of hip hop was thus laid.

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